A concrete footing is poured directly against earth inside a neat cut trench. Minimum formwork is required unless fully formed, set above continuous clean-outs and two-inch planking. The trench walls require intentional roughening to a minimum amplitude of plus or minus one-quarter inch after cutting back spalls. Foundation widths are specified as footing width shown on drawing plus two inches minimum, with a six-inch minimum depth below the main slab or stem. Notes mandate geotechnical engineer approval, restrict formwork below grade, prohibit continuous clean-out stakes in the footing area, and require laitance and scum removal after concrete set.
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